A comparison of two scar massage protocols in pediatric burn survivors

The current evidence to support the use of massage for scar management is conflicting in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare two scar massage protocols administered with pediatric burn survivors to determine if a more structured and standardized approach to scar massage could improve outcome. A retrospective review of the medical records of 100 children who received massage during the time period when two different protocols were implemented was conducted and data that was collected as part of the clinical exam regarding scar height, vascularity, pliability, itch and pain were extracted. Comparisons were made within subject for scar changes from baseline to follow up and between subjects receiving Protocol A and those receiving Protocol B for the same scar characteristics. Versions of the Vancouver Scar Scale were used to assess scars, while visual analogue scale, Itch Man Scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale were used to assess itch and pain. Results demonstrated improvements in itch and vascularity over time with both scar massage protocols. However, when comparing patients who received Protocol A to those who received Protocol B, there was no difference found in scar height, vascularity, pliability, itch or pain. Using commonly applied subjective scar assessment tools, we did not find clinically meaningful changes in scar characteristics with the implementation of a structured scar massage program compared to a general approach to massage. Further research is needed to better define the impact of massage on the recovery experience for burn survivors.     

Burn scar outcome at six and 12 months after injury in children with partial thickness scalds: Effects of dressing treatment

IntroductionIn line with other researchers in the field of burns’ care, we think that research investigating the long-term outcome of scars is largely lacking. As scarring is of the utmost importance to the patient, clinicians who treat burns must aim to find treatments that lead to a good end result. The aim of this study was to study scar outcomes at six and 12 months after injury. It is an extension of a previous randomised controlled trial (RCT) in which two dressings (porcine xenograft and silver foam dressing) were examined with respect to their ability to help heal partial thickness scalds.MethodChildren aged six months – six years with acute partial thickness scalds, on the trunk, or extremities, or both, were included. In the previous study, the silver foam was found to have significantly shorter healing times than the xenograft. Children were assessed at six and 12 months after injury for this study, and photographs were taken of the burn site, and both the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) and the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) were completed and evaluated by blinded observers.ResultsOf the 58 children from the original RCT, 39 returned to the clinic for evaluation of their scars at six months, and 34 at 12 months after injury. There were no differences in POSAS, VSS total scores, or incidence of hypertrophic scarring between the different dressings. Fifteen children were assessed as having hypertrophic scarring, all of whom had healing times that had extended beyond 14 days.ConclusionsThis study compared burn scarring after two different treatments for burns in children with partial-thickness scalds and the data suggested that neither dressing had a more favourable impact on scar outcome. The conclusion is, however, tempered by the non-return of all the patients to the follow up. However, as anticipated, regardless of the dressing used, longer healing times were associated with higher scar scores (more scarring) and hypertrophic scarring.     

MR T2WI高信号环征对高强度聚焦超声消融子宫肌瘤即刻疗效的影响

目的观察MR T2WI高信号环征(T2-rim sign)对高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗子宫肌瘤即刻疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析360例接受HIFU治疗的子宫肌瘤患者,以治疗后肌瘤非灌注区体积(NPV)与治疗前肌瘤体积的百分比(NPV%)判断消融效果,根据术前是否存在T2-rim sign分为T2-rim sign组和无T2-rim sign组,以单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析NPV%的可能影响因素。结果消融后即刻超声造影显示肌瘤血供明显减少,60例NPV%75%,300例≥75%,其间肌瘤位置、辐照时间、治疗强度、MR T2WI信号强度及有无T2-rim sign差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。HIFU消融肌瘤NPV%与MR T2WI信号强度、T2-rim sign、辐照时间及治疗强度有关(P均0.05);辐照时间、治疗强度及T2-rim sign是影响HIFU消融肌瘤NPV%的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。相比无T2-rim sign组,T2-rim sign组辐照时间、治疗强度均增加,NPV%降低(P均0.05)。结论 T2-rim sign为HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤即刻疗效的影响因素;具有该特征的子宫肌瘤患者亦可自HIFU治疗中获益。     

补肾活血外治法对肾虚血瘀型大鼠种植窗期子宫内膜组织形态学的影响

目的：探讨补肾活血外治法对肾虚血瘀模型大鼠子宫内膜组织形态学的影响。方法：采用阴道涂片法选取处于动情前期普通级健康未交配雌性SD大鼠50只,随机分为空白组、模型组、补肾活血方高、低剂量组、五子组。除空白组外,其余各组采用羟基脲灌胃建造肾虚模型,与此同时,空白组、模型组给予蒸馏水灌肠,高、低剂量组分别给予高、低剂量补肾活血方药灌肠,五子组给予五子衍宗丸灌胃。妊娠第4天,各组大鼠均于末次给药后1 h,尾静脉快速推注10%的高分子右旋糖苷造成血瘀模型后处死,取子宫组织切片苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察。结果：①模型组子宫内膜被覆上皮厚度低于空白组（P<0.05）;补肾活血方药高、低剂量组和五子组子宫内膜被覆上皮厚度与模型组相比有显著性差异（P<0.01）。②模型组腺体数、腺体面积总和及最大直径/最小直径明显低于空白组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;形状因子最接近“1”,与空白组相比有显著性差异（P<0.01）。补肾活血方高、低剂量组腺体数及腺腔面积总和较模型组有不同程度的增多（P<0.05或P<0.01）。五子组腺体数、腺腔面积总和、形状因子及最大直径/最小直径与模型组相比有显著性差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）。③模型组间质细胞核面积总和、间质细胞核积分光密度及间质血管数均低于空白组（P<0.01）;补肾活血方高、低剂量组间质细胞核面积总和、间质细胞核积分光密度和间质血管数较模型组均明显增高（P<0.05或P<0.01）;五子组间质细胞核面积总和及间质细胞核积分光密度明显高于模型组（P<0.01）。结论：外用补肾活血法能够有效改善肾虚血瘀模型大鼠子宫内膜组织形态,促使子宫内膜腺体与间质同步发育,从而发挥改善子宫内膜容受性的作用。     

剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠的声像图特征及临床分析

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声在剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠诊治中的价值。方法分析12例剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠患者的声像图特征、临床转归及手术病理结果。结果声像图表现为孕囊型9例和混合回声型3例。其中孕囊型分为3型:①3例孕囊位于切口表面,血流不丰富;②4例孕囊陷入切口内,血流丰富;③2例孕囊自切口处向膀胱方向突起,血流丰富。保守治疗过程中,超声检查显示病灶逐渐缩小,血流逐渐减少到消失,血HCG逐渐降低到正常。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查可以对剖宫产术后切口瘢痕妊娠及时、准确作出诊断;根据声像图特征进行分型,有助于临床选择恰当的治疗方案,并评估疗效。     

瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的介入治疗

目的：探讨经导管双侧子宫动脉栓塞后清宫治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的临床价值。方法：采用介入结合清宫的方法治疗7例瘢痕妊娠患者,用5F cobra导管导管经股动脉超选择插管至双侧子宫动脉灌注MTX（甲氨蝶呤）100 mg,然后用明胶海绵屑栓塞双侧子宫动脉,于3～5 d行清宫术。结果：7例患者均一次手术成功,术中未见出血,随访2～6个月无异常。结论：采用介入栓塞后清宫治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血安全有效,方法简单,不良反应小成功率极高,可有效预防和控制子宫破裂出血,是治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的优选方法之一。     

妊娠晚期子宫下段瘢痕先兆破裂的超声诊断分析

目的探讨超声检查在预测妊娠晚期子宫下段瘢痕先兆破裂中的临床价值。方法经腹超声观察106例有剖宫产史妇女再次妊娠晚期子宫前壁下段的厚度及形态,将超声检查结果分级,对其超声图像特征、分娩结局及术中直视情况进行综合分析。结果Ⅰ级瘢痕子宫下段厚度随着孕周的增加逐渐变薄,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级瘢痕子宫下段厚度变化与孕周无相关性,与Ⅰ级瘢痕相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);本组孕妇的剖宫产率随子宫瘢痕愈合级别的增加而增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级瘢痕愈合者以剖宫产结束妊娠的比例分别为85%和100%,显著高于Ⅰ级瘢痕愈合者,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);32例瘢痕愈合不良中29例行剖宫产并经术中直视证实。结论经腹超声检查可预测先兆子宫破裂,指导临床选择分娩方式,降低母婴围产期风险。     

腹腔镜下经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术中子宫圆韧带的处理

目的探讨针对女性腹股沟疝患者行腹腔镜下经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术(TAPP)中处理子宫圆韧带的方法。方法回顾分析该院普外科自2011年1月-2014年1月,共34例女性腹股沟疝患者行TAPP的临床资料及手术录像,其中,保留子宫圆韧带25例(A组),离断子宫圆韧带9例(B组)。结果 34例手术均顺利完成,A和B两组手术时间分别为(44±8)min和(36±7)min。术后患者均恢复理想,平均随访17个月,无疝复发及慢性疼痛发生。结论与离断子宫圆韧带手术相比,沿子宫圆韧带两侧纵向切开腹膜,保留子宫圆韧带的手术操作相对复杂,用时较长,但可保证子宫圆韧带及腹膜的完整性,临床应用前景及推广价值较高。